The Jewish calendar is a lunar calendar.

All Jewish holidays begin at sundown of the night before.

The date of Simchat Torah is showing the date of the holiday in Israel. Outside of Israel the holiday is celebrated on the following day.

The Jewish years are counted from creation.

In the list below, "BCE" stands for "Before Common Era" and "CE" refers to "Common Era" on the Gregorian (Civil) calendar.

Holiday Name	Meaning of the Name	Date in 2016/2017	Jewish Date	What is it about
Rosh Hashanah	Head of the year	Monday, October 3-4, 2016	Tishrei 1-2	The Jewish New Year celebrates the beginning of ten days of repentance before Yom Kippur.
Yom Kippur	Day of atonement	Wednesday, October 12	Tishrei 10
Sukkot	Huts	Monday, October 17	Tishrei 15	Commemorates the temporary settlements of Jewish people in the desert after the exodus from Egypt.
Simchat Torah	Joy of Torah	Monday, October 24	Tishrei 22	Marks the end of the Torah's annual reading.
Hanukkah	Dedication	Sunday, December 25	Kislev 25	The Macabees victory over Antiochus the Greek king and the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the year 165 BCE (3597).
Tu Bishvat	15th of Shevat	Saturday, February 11, 2017	Shevat 15	The New Year for Trees.
Family Day	30th of Shevat	Sunday, February 26	Shevat 30	Mother's and father's day.
Purim	Lots for lottery performed by Haman	Sunday, March 12	Adar Bet 14	Celebrates the cancellation of the decree against the Jewish people by Haman in ancient Persia in 425 BCE (3404).
Pesach	Passed over	Tuesday, April 11	Nisan 15	Celebration of the Exodus of the Jewish people from ancient Egypt in 1313 BCE (2448).
Yom Ha'shoah	Holocaust day	Monday, April 24	Nisan 28	Memorial Day for the 6 million Jews killed by Nazi regime in Germany between 1933-1945.
Yom Ha'zikaron	Remembrance day	Monday, May 1	Iyar 5	Memorial for all the fallen soldiers of the Israeli army (more than 22,000) and victims of terrorism (more than 1,600).
Yom Ha'atzmaut	Independence day	Tuesday, May 2	Iyar 6	Celebrates the declaration of the state of Israel in 1948. Israel is 69 years old in 2017!
Lag Ba'omer	33rd day of the Omer	Sunday, May 14	Iyar 18	Commemorating a break in the mourning period for the 24,000 students of Rabbi Akiva who died, some by plague and some in the rebellion against the Roman Empire in 120 CE.
Yom Yerushalayim	Jerusalem day	Wednesday, May 24	Iyar 28	Jerusalem celebrates the liberation and unification during the Six-Day War 1967.
Shavuot	Weeks	Wednesday, May 31	Sivan 6	Bringing the first harvest to the Temple to remember the giving of the Torah and the Ten Commandments 7 weeks after the Exodus from Egypt at Mount Sinai in 1312 BCE (2449).
Tisha B'Av	9th of Av	Tuesday, August 1	Av 9	Fast to observe the destruction of the first temple by Babylonians in 586 BCE and second temple by the Romans in 70 CE (3830). Spain's Expulsion of Jews in 1492.
Tu B'Av - Hag HaAhava	15th of Av	Monday, August 7	Av 15	In modern-day Israel, it is celebrated as a holiday of love.

There is a discrepancy of 11 days between the lunar and the solar year, to align the different calendars, a lunar month is added every two or three years, for a total of 7 times per 19 years.
The Jewish calendar months are:
1. Tishrei (30 days, Sep - Oct)
2. Cheshvan (29 or 30 days, Oct - Nov)
3. Kislev (29 or 30 days, Nov - Dec)
4. Tevet (29 days, Dec - Jan)
5. Shevat (30 days, Jan - Feb)
(6a.) Adar 1 (30 days, Feb - Mar) In a leap year this additional month is added.
6b. Adar 2 (29 days Feb - Mar)
7. Nisan (30 days, Mar - Apr)
8. Iyar (29 days, Apr - May)
9. Sivan (30 days, May - Jun)
10. Tammuz (29 days, Jun - Jul)
11. Av (30 days, Jul - Aug)
12. Elul (29 days, Aug - Sep)

The names for the days of the week are the ordinal numbers within the week, with the seventh day called Shabbat (in Hebrew: rest).
Yom Rishon - first day - Sunday
Yom Sheni - second day - Monday
Yom Shlishi - third day - Tuesday
Yom Revi'i - fourth day - Wednesday
Yom Hamishi - fifth day - Thursday
Yom Shishi - sixth day- Friday
Yom Shabbat - Saturday